It may not be the most pleasant of experiences, but an inevitable reality for almost any company is the occasional need to terminate an employee. While the United States’ labor laws designate “at-will” employment, this concept does not exist in most other countries. Instead, there are severance pay laws regarding termination in most other jurisdictions, including statutory severance payments. Any misstep in the termination process, particularly in meeting severance payment obligations, can cost a company if not properly planned for or managed.
Before making any hiring or termination decisions, it is helpful to consider and fully understand statutory severance pay requirements. To help our clients prepare and plan, GoGlobal applies an accrued severance pay system as part of our PEO/EOR services. In this piece, we will outline how the accrued severance pay operates and explore key laws about severance pay in select global markets.
When utilizing an EoR or PEO provider, the service provider is the ultimate legal employer, so any decisions around terminations should be discussed and agreed upon before termination the termination process begins. This is also the policy of GoGlobal. This ultimately protects the client, as they are unlikely to be familiar with local severance pay laws and practices. GoGlobal will be able to help ensure that separation from the employee is done quickly, compliantly and cost effectively. Often the best recourse is mutual separation, which would include payment equal to or above statutory severance pay requirements.
What Is Accrued Severance Pay?
Notably, the job market volatility caused by COVID-19 has underscored the need for GoGlobal’s clients to be acutely aware of termination liabilities on a monthly basis. The better prepared a company is to make statutory severance payments as required, the less surprises there are in critical cash flow matters. To that end, we have implemented an accrued severance pay system that varies by country and accounts for obligations.
The accrued severance pay is the accrued aggregate amount of statutory termination obligations (whether outlined as payments of severance, redundancy, termination etc.) to the employee being terminated. To clarify, the payment of statutory termination obligations does not guarantee the ability to terminate an employee. It also does not mitigate the risk of an unlawful termination lawsuit, which would likely exceed any statutory termination obligations accrued.
Clients do not pay a service fee on the accrued severance pay. Rather, it acts as a deposit. GoGlobal bears all additional costs in managing, tracking and administering the accrual amount to the terminated employee. Any unused portion of the payment will be refunded to the client after all matters related to the termination of the employee have been fully and finally resolved, usually within three months of the employee’s last working day.
Severance Pay in Korea
Under Korea’s Employee Retirement Benefit Security Act, a regular full-time employee in Korea is entitled to receive a statutory severance payment within 14 days of being terminated. Full-time is generally defined as more than 15 hours per week or more than 60 hours a month.
For employees that have worked for at least one year, the required statutory severance payment equates to one month’s salary for each year of employment. The average wage is calculated by using wages from the three-month period preceding termination. Severance payment requirements apply to voluntary retirement as well as in cases of termination for cause.
An employer must provide employees with at least 30-days’ notice. If they do not provide this notice, they will be required to offer the employee 30 days of salary in lieu of the notice as a dismissal notice allowance. Customarily, employment contracts will provide for longer notice. As a contractual matter, an employee may be entitled to reasonable notice of termination in particular situations, which can be defined as a year’s notice.
Employers should note that employees with more than six months of employment service are eligible to file unfair dismissal claims if either of the following two circumstances apply:
- Their employment was governed by a modern award or enterprise agreement, regardless of how much they earn and even if they have signed a high-income guarantee.
- They are award- or agreement-free and they earn less than the relevant income threshold, which is subject to change yearly.
Under Korean laws about severance pay, only employees are entitled to it. The term employee is defined as someone who provides labor pursuant to the employer’s management in exchange for wage compensation. However, this definition does not solely rely on how the contract describes the title of the individual. For example, even if the contract defines the party as an independent contractor or agent, the individual can still be classified as an employee if their role is found by the courts to have the characteristics of a typical employment relationship.
In Korea, GoGlobal’s accrued severance pay system collects 8.33% of the employee’s gross pay monthly.
Severance Pay in China
When it comes to termination in China, while requirements may vary across provinces, laws about severance pay generally favor the employee. Once a probation period has ended, it becomes increasingly difficult to terminate an employee. Before being terminated, the employee must be allowed to receive training or be transferred to a different position within the company. If the employee is still not fit to meet responsibilities after these steps have been taken, then the termination process can begin. The employer must provide written notice to the employee at least 30 days in advance of termination.
Employees are entitled to statutory severance pay, except when:
- The employee is on probation and is unable to perform their duties.
- The employee has breached company policies.
Statutory severance pay generally totals one month of salary for employees who have been employed for over one year, with terminated employees usually receiving one month of severance pay for every year employed. In cases where the employee has been employed for six months or less, severance pay is typically calculated at half of the monthly salary. Furthermore, employment duration is always rounded up and severance pay is usually capped at 12 months. In cases of redundancy or layoffs, there is no applicable law. In this case, the employer must negotiate a mutually agreed upon termination with the employee.
In China, GoGlobal’s accrued severance pay system collects 8.33% of the employee’s gross pay monthly.
Severance Pay in Germany
Germany’s severance pay laws operate to ensure that termination is justified according to the country’s labor code. To properly terminate an employee, the employer must notify the employee with a written notice four weeks ahead of the termination date. However, the statutory notice period is seven months for any employee that has over 20 years of employment service.
If there is a justified reason for dismissal and proper notice is given to the employee during the termination process, the employer is not required to pay severance. However, in cases of redundancy, a severance is required which totals half a months’ salary for every year of service.
In Germany, GoGlobal’s accrued severance system collects 4.17% of the employee’s gross pay monthly.
Severance Pay in Poland
Poland’s laws about severance pay mandate that a severance payment is provided in cases where the employer has 20 or more employees, and the dismissal of the employee is through the fault of the employer. The severance payment total depends on how long the employee has worked for the employer, drawing from the following structure:
- When an employee has less than two years of employment service, the employer must pay the employee one month of severance pay.
- For employment of between two and eight years, the employer is responsible for two months of severance pay.
- In cases where the employee has served for over eight years, the employer is liable for three months of severance pay.
In Poland, GoGlobal’s accrued severance system collects 4.17% of the employee’s gross pay monthly from companies with 20 or more local employees. If the company has less than 20 local employees, there is no accrued severance payment.
Severance Pay in Italy
In Italy, there are no conventional statutory severance or redundancy payments. Instead, the severance pay laws mandates that employers set aside funds for each employee, called Trattamento di Fine Rapporto (TFR). Because TFR is an accumulated amount of salary set aside each month, it is not considered a proper severance payment.
An employee’s TFR is calculated according to the formula of a year’s overall salary divided by 13.5, plus 1.5% for each year of service. The leaving-service indemnity is payable in any case of termination, such as dismissal, voluntary resignation, disability, death, etc.
In Italy, GoGlobal’s accrued severance system collects 7.41% of the employee’s gross pay monthly, collected only for one year.
Severance Pay in Mexico
The labor laws in Mexico often make it challenging to dismiss an employee, with the reason for termination needing to fit criteria outlined in the country’s labor code. Furthermore, the employer must provide the employee with written notice, stating the cause for termination and including recorded proof (with applicable dates) of when the employee committed the actions that caused termination. There is no statutory notice period in Mexico so employment can usually cease on the same day that the employer provides written notice.
If the employee’s termination is deemed just, according to the labor code, the employer is not liable to make severance payments. However, if the employee files a claim and the labor court deems the termination unjust, the employer must either reinstate the employee or offer severance payments. Severance pay amount includes three months of the employee’s salary plus 20 days of pay for every year the employee was employed. Furthermore, there is a seniority bonus that equals 12 days of pay for every year employed. To avoid making this payment, employers frequently negotiate settlements with the employee upon termination.
Mexico’s labor laws do not outline special provisions for redundancy or layoffs. Therefore, employers must still follow the regular dismissal procedure.
In Mexico, 18.6% of the employee’s gross monthly pay is collected by GoGlobal’s severance accrual system.
Severance Pay in Vietnam
In practice, it is difficult to terminate an employee in Vietnam. Proper legal grounds must be established in order for an employer to terminate a labor contract, which include performance issues, prolonged illness, a force majeure event or the dissolution of the company. Therefore, it is highly recommended that companies choose the alternative route of negotiating with the employee. Mutual agreement on compensation for the employee could potentially help a company mitigate legal risks while saving time and money.
In Vietnam, GoGlobal’s severance accural system collects 4.17% of the employee’s gross monthly salary. This applies to employees who have worked regularly for at least a full 12 months and are not covered by unemployment insurance. A half month’s salary is payable for each year of work.
Severance Pay in Brazil
Brazilian’s labor code outlines five circumstances of termination with distinct requirements for severance pay:
- Termination without cause: Employer must cover payment of salary balance, accrued vacation plus one-third bonus, proportional vacation plus one-third bonus, proportional 13th salary, 50% severance fund (FGTS) fine over the balance of the employee’s individual account. The terminated employee is also entitled to withdraw the FGTS balance and collect unemployment insurance.
- Resignation by the employee: Employer must cover payment of salary balance, proportional 13th salary, accrued vacation plus one-third bonus and proportional vacation plus a one-third bonus.
- Indirect termination: Employer is required to offer the terminated employee the same payments due in a termination without cause.
- Termination by mutual consent: Employer is required to offer half the payment of the prior notice and the FGTS fine (employee’s part). Additionally, they must offer the same payments due in a termination without cause. In this type of termination, the employee will be able to withdraw up to 80% of the FGTS balance and will not be entitled to receive unemployment insurance.
- Termination for cause: Employer is required to offer the employee payment of their salary balance and accrued vacation plus one-third.
In Brazil, GoGlobal’s severance accrual system collects 3.2% of the employee’s gross monthly salary.
Severance Pay in France
Except in cases of dismissal for serious or gross misconduct, employees in France on indefinite-term contracts with at least eight months’ service with the employers are entitled to a severance payment if they are dismissed. The country’s Labor Code sets the minimum payment at one-quarter of the employee’s gross monthly remuneration for each of the first 10 years’ service; one-third of gross monthly remuneration is required for the 11th and subsequent years.
In France, GoGlobal’s severance accrual system collects 10% of the employee’s gross monthly salary.
Find additional detail on severance payment with our global hiring guides, or contact us to talk with an international HR expert.